The most common septic bed is called a Conventional Septic Bed. A Conventional Bed is made up of two basic components. A Septic Tank, for solids and scum, and a Tile Bed for effluent to drain into. Conventional Septic Beds incorporate a standard Septic Tank as their treatment unit and then the effluent is fed by gravity to a series of piping with holes drilled in them called weeping tile.
Most pipes are PVC plastic with a series of holes drilled in the bottom to allow the waste water to flow into the pipe and into the gravel surrounding the pipe. New systems must have an effluent filter that captures any remaining floating suspended solids and keeps them from entering the actual tile bed.
Too many solids in the drain field will dramatically accelerate the wear of the trenches in the septic bed. The trenches for piping are dug about 30cm to 90cm deep, 50cm to cm wide and no closer than 1. A foot distance between a tile bed and a well without a casing is often required.
If the well has a casing, a foot separation may be all that is necessary. Tile beds should also be 50 feet from lakes or streams. The tile bed should be no closer than 8 to 15 feet to the building and 5 to 10 feet from the property line. A general rule is about a 15 to 20 percent maximum slope for tiles beds.
Slopes steeper than this risk breakout problems. The life expectancy of a tile bed is largely determined by how it's used. If the septic tank is pumped out regularly, for example, the system is much more likely to have an extended life. We want to avoid getting those solids into the tile bed. A to year life is not unusual, although with good maintenance it can be much better.
Up to 50 years is possible. Accessories and variations Some systems have grease traps as intermediate chambers that catch the grease from kitchen sinks before allowing it to drain into a septic tank. These should be cleaned regularly. My system does not have anything but the toilet entering it. I have two field tiles side by side for a septic. When installed, the pipes are at least half-a-foot in the ground, but most are between two to three feet deep.
The right depth depends on the local soil and water tables, which can vary greatly, especially in rural areas. All the perforated pipes heading to the leach field have to be at the same level for even distribution. A foot of gravel covers the trenches in which the weeping tiles sit, with geotextile fabric covering the leach lines to act as a weed barrier.
The trenches are then backfilled with a foot or two of native soil atop. The solid waste must be cleaned out every two to three years, but septic systems with leach fields are very safe for the environment.
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